Module 7: Advanced Topics
Detailed Topics:
Reflection: Use reflection to inspect and manipulate objects.
Reflection is a powerful feature that allows programs to examine and modify their own structure and behavior at runtime. For example, you can use reflection to iterate over the fields of a struct, access private fields, or dynamically invoke methods.
Example:
package main import ( "fmt" "reflect" ) type User struct { Name string Age int } func main() { user := User{"Alice", 30} t := reflect.TypeOf(user) v := reflect.ValueOf(user) for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ { fmt.Printf("Field: %s, Value: %v\n", t.Field(i).Name, v.Field(i)) } }JSON/XML: Serialize and deserialize data structures.
JSON and XML are commonly used formats for exchanging data. In Go, you can use the
encoding/jsonandencoding/xmlpackages to convert structs to these formats and back.
Example:
package main import ( "encoding/json" "fmt" ) type User struct { Name string `json:"name"` Age int `json:"age"` } func main() { user := User{"Alice", 30} jsonData, _ := json.Marshal(user) fmt.Println(string(jsonData)) var decodedUser User json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &decodedUser) fmt.Printf("Decoded User: %+v\n", decodedUser) }REST APIs: Build a web server with
net/http.Building RESTful APIs is an essential skill. Using Go’s
net/httppackage, you can create endpoints for handling HTTP requests and responses.
Example:
package main import ( "encoding/json" "net/http" ) type User struct { ID int `json:"id"` Name string `json:"name"` } var users = []User{ {ID: 1, Name: "Alice"}, {ID: 2, Name: "Bob"}, } func getUsers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json") json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users) } func main() { http.HandleFunc("/users", getUsers) http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil) }
Detailed Hands-On:
Create a REST API for user management:
Design an API with endpoints for creating, reading, updating, and deleting users (CRUD operations).
Implement features like input validation and error handling.
Example:
// Add endpoints for POST, PUT, DELETE operations in addition to GET.Use JSON encoding/decoding in a data processing pipeline:
Write a program that reads JSON data from a file, processes it (e.g., filtering or aggregating), and writes the output back as JSON.
Example:
// Load users from a JSON file, filter those above a certain age, and save the results.Implement reflection to dynamically handle structs:
Create a function that takes an arbitrary struct and generates a JSON schema-like representation dynamically.
Example:
func generateSchema(v interface{}) map[string]string { // Use reflection to produce a schema. }